Tuesday 25 December 2012

(part 1) How different races identify one another - Cross-race Effect


"Cross/Other-race effect" is essentially the answer to the commonly heard "They all look the same" phrase used when one member of a race is trying to identify an individual in a different race:

The main idea of the other-race effect is that “Eyewitnesses are less likely to misidentify someone of their own race than they are to misidentify someone of another race” (Wells & Olson, 2001 , p. 230). For example, if you are Caucasian, you are more likely to misidentify someone who is Asian rather than if they were Caucasian. An explanation for this is the theory that “They all look alike,” which states that within a person ’s race they recognize the diversity among members, but when it is a member of another racial group the person does not see any real differences.

Ways to reduce Cross-race effect: "A study was done in which participants were forewarned about cross-race effect and how viewing individuals holistically according to stereotypes does not lead to the correct identification of facial expressions. Instead, participants were encouraged to focus on individual facial features. Interestingly enough, results from this study showed that the cross-race effect could be reduced and sometimes even eliminated when participants were wary of it. Therefore, cross race effect may be a result of people using stereotypes to holistically process faces rather than analytically view individual parts of faces to identify an emotion. This study also shows the effect education may have in helping our society to reduce cross-race effect as a whole. When individuals are more aware of how they may be falling into the trap of stereotyping, they can make accurate judgments about people."

If this is the case, and I want my project to portray different races without discrimination, what can I do to warn my audience in advance with this new information? How can I visually translate. I understand first impressions are very important, and are a part of what makes us human and identify danger/threat/fear...But they can also be wrong. This literally applies to the phrase "Never judge a book by it's cover.", yet, we always do. The same things apply to race perception.

References:
http://www.kon.org/urc/v6/schlick.html
http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn19676-they-all-look-the-same-race-effect-seen-in-the-brain.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-race_effect / Hugenberg, K., Miller, J., Claypool, H. M., (2007). Categorization and individuation in the cross-race recognition deficit: Toward a solution to an insidious problem. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. Vol. 43, 334 - 340.

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